Buh ṭhan dan

1. Ngai a zem: Buh a lo ṭo va, ngalrek chen vel a lo nih hian ngal a zem tiin an sawi a.
2. Khup hawlh: Tlemin a lo lian deuh va, khup thleng vel a lo nih hun hi a ni.
3. Kawng thleng: Buh hi kawng chen vel a lo nih hun hi a ni.
4. Awm hawlh: Buh kara han kal vela lu lam deuh chauh a lan theih hun hi a ni.
5. A nghapui mei: Buh a lo ṭhang leh deuh va, a inzawn lo zela awm ṭhin a kau sang ber lehlam lehlam a lo inzawn ta chiah a, sangha mei ang deuhva a lo lan tawh hun hi a nghapui mei an ti.
6. A mawi: Buh kungin châng a nei a, a vui tur a lo insiam ṭan a, chutiang hunah chuan a kheh hmul theih tawh e an ti a, 'a mawi' tiin an sawi ṭhin a ni.
7. A tûlzum: A mawi aṭangin a lo ṭhang danglam leh deuh va, a kau sang ber a malṭan tawh a, buh hnah hmawr a lo rêk a, a lo rai ṭan a, hetih hun lai hi a tûlzum an tih hun chu a ni.
8. A chawngawi lû: Buh rai ṭan tir tê hmawr hi a lo zum pet a, khau chi khat, lu zum pit pet, chawngawilu an tih mai lu ang deuhva a awm lai hi a chawngawi lû an ti ṭhin.
9. Buh vui: Buh rai pawh a lo puam ṭan a, a rai hmawrah khan a lo hmul ther a, hei hi a par a ni a, buhfang siamtu ber tur a ni tawh a, hlo thlawh paha khawih darh palh leh tihṭilh palh theih a nih tawh avangin hemi hun hma hian hlo thlawh zawh hman ngei an tum ṭhin a ni.
10. A inthehṭhil: Buh rai a lo keh a, a fang a lo pum a, buhvui pangngai tur anga a lo awm hun hi a inthehṭhil an tih hun chu a ni. Buh vui inhlawm tlat kha a lo kak ṭan tihna a ni ber.
11. Buh hmawr hmin: Buh a han inthehṭhil a, a vui pangngai a lo ni ta a, zawi zawiin hmin lam a lo pan a, a hmawr lam a lo eng ṭan a, hetih hun lai sawina hi a ni a, buh a êng ṭan ti pawhin an sawi. A lo hmin nasa tial tial a, a hma zual deuh chu a vui pum a lo hmin kim ṭan a, hetih hun lai hian 'nau chaw tur a lawr theih tawh' an ti a, October thla tawp lam a ni ber.
12. A vû: Buh a lo hmin tak tak a, buh ṭha tak takah chan ralkhat aṭanga han en pawh hian a eng satliah mai ni lovin a sen lam pawl lek lek khawpin a lo eng tak tûk thei a, chutiang chu a vû an ti ṭhin a, hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan sawi dan dang pawh a awm maithei e.
13. A hmuih: Kum chhiat kum emaw, vanduai kum emaw chuan buh vui insiam hian fang nei pum zo lovin, buh a lo thu a, buhfang awm lovin a lo si zo ta ṭhin a, chutiang chu a hmuih an ti ṭhin a ni.
14. A ngui: Buh seng zawh hman loh emaw, la lak hman loh hrim hrim vang emawin, buh vui kuang kha a lo zawi hman a, chutiang chu a ngui an ti a, buh vui kha lek kawh zo lovin a lo tliak hman ta ṭhin a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan a seng sawt theih tawh reng reng loh bakah, hmaih a tam duh tawh ṭhin avangin a uiawm duh em em bawk. Chuvangin, a ngui hman hmaa seng zawng hram tumin theih tawpin an ṭang ṭhin a ni.

Hlo thlawh dan chi hnih

Hlo thlawh dan hi a tlangpuiin chi hnih a ni deuh ber a, chu chu 'hmatung' leh 'sirsawn' a ni.

Hmatung:

Hmatung hlo thlawh danah chuan, hlo thlo tura bung (bu) tlar khan an bula mite rual tawk zelin, mahni hmazawnah an thlo ngar ngar mai a, an hma zawn an hlen (zawh) hma loh chuan chutiang chuan an thlo char char ṭhin. Hna a sawt lo deuh zawka ngaih a ni.

Sirsawn:

Hlo thlo tur an han bung (bu) tlar a, khang intlar zinga a sir ve vete kha 'hmasir' an ti a. Hlo thlote chuan thlawh pahin hmasirte kha an rawn nêk phei a (hmasir panin an thlo phei tihna a ni). Tichuan, a sir zawngin (hma) an han sâwn a, an innek khawm chêp ta hle a. Sir sawnna tur awm lova hmatung ang deuhva an han thlawh chhoh ngar ngar theih hnuah an bun ṭanna chin ai khan an hma chu a lo sang ta hle a. Chutianga a sang ta hle tiha a hmasirin a tawk chin a tih kha 'hma tar' an ti.

Chumi hnuah chuan, zawi zawiin hmasir lehlam nêk zawngin a zir lehlam panin an han sawn phei ve leh ta a; hmasir pakhat zawk (an nêk phei hnuhnun zawk) chuan hma a han tar leh hnuah an sawn let leh ta zel ṭhin a ni. An thlawh chin tur zau zawng, hma an phelna tur te, sir sawn khata hma an tar sân chin tur te hi hmasir kuta innghat vek a ni.

He hlo thlawhna ṭawngkam hi, tunlaia kan ṭawngkauchheh hrang hrang — 'hmasawn' tih te, 'hmathlir' tih te, 'hma la' tih te, 'hmalakna' tih te lo chhuahna bul a ni.

Ramhual

 Buh leh bal thlo chhuak thei chhungkua, chhungkaw hûng deuh an ni tlangpui a. Chhungkaw harsa leh chhuanchhamte kêp theitu tura ngaih, pawl tlâk (buh seng hun)-a lal hnena buh phur nga aia tlem lo (fathang) chhung lut thei turte an ni.

Zalen

Lal unau tlang chang ve lo (lalna khua nei ve lo) te, kawng engkima lal puibawmtute an ni a. Lalina a duhsak bik, lal laina hnaivai, a mi leh sate an ni ber.

Chhawng hnawh nge Chhawng hnawt?

•  TS Khupchong (March 7, 2025)

Naupan lai a\anga zirlaibua kan lo zir \hin, Chhawng hnawt tih chu tun hnaiah ‘Chhawng hnawh tih zawk tur a ni’ ti zawnga sawi leh ziah a awm ta zeuh zeuh va; kumin 2025 Chapchar Kût hmanna pui ber Aizawl-ah pawh announcer-te khan ‘Chhawng hnawh’ tih hlirin an hmang a, DDK lama live commentary-ah pawh ‘Chhawng hnawh’ tih hmangin, Art & Culture Department lam (ni maw)-in programme sheet an siamah pawh ‘Chhawnghnawh’ tia hman a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian ngaihtuahna han sen zau hlek \haa hriatna a awm a, tlemin han chhui zau dawn chhin ila.

Chhawng hnawh chungchang

Mizo culture leh \awng hria Pu C. Vanlallawma chuan, “Chhawnghnawh tih awmzia hi, Pu Thanga leh Pu Zawla ten an sawi angin, neih vûm rei rui, ding êr ûr, chhâwng êrh ûrh mi kâa hnawh, tihna a nih hmel a. Hei hi a dik chuan hman lai a\anga ‘chhawng an hnawt’ an tih fo kha an lo tisual a ni thei ang. Lusei \awngah ‘hnawh’ hi eng grammar context-ah mah ‘hnawt’ tia modify theih a ni lo. Hnawh chu hnawh a ni reng. Chu vangin ‘chhâwng an hnawt’ ti lovin, ‘chhâwng an hnawh’ tih hi a dik dan a ni ang,” tiin a ziak a (Hringlang Tlang, p.567).

Mizo Department, Mizoram University-a zirtirtu, hetiang lama kan râwn kumkhua \hin Pu Lalsangzuala pawhin, “Chhawng an hnawt ni lovin chhawng hi an hnawh zawk a ni. A hnawta hnawt lam ni lovin, a hnawhin an hnawh zawk. Ei tur an neih chhâwng er ur kha artui te, sa te, eitur tui tinreng kha a hmin sain an keng a, chu chu \hiante kaah an hnawh hawng hawng a, chu chu chhawng hnawh an ti,” tiin a sawi bawk. Hetiang deuh hian Pu C. Chhuanvawra pawhin a lo ziak bawk.

Chhawng hnawh leh Chhawng hnawt hmang kawp te

Mizo history ziak hmasate zinga mi Pu K. Zawla hian Mizo Pi Pute leh An Thlahte Chanchin-ah chuan “lungdawhah chhawng an hnawt” tia a hman hnuah, “lungdawha chhawng an hnawh zawh chuan...” tiin a hmang a (5^th ed. 2011, pg. 62). 1^st Edition hi kum 1964-a chhuah a ni tawh. Hetah hian ‘hnawh’ a hman chhan chu ‘hnawt’ modify-na a ni. Kum 1966-a chhuak Pu Zatluanga lehkhabu Mizo Chanchin-ah pawh hman pawlh a ni a (p. 27-28), hman pawlh a nihna hi ‘hnawt’ modify nana ‘hnawh’ a hman vang a ni ber (ka lehkhabu hman lai hi 1996-a chhut nawn kha a ni). Chutiang bawkin Rev. Liangkhaia pawhin Mizo Awmdan Hlui (1971)-ah a hman pawlh bawk a, mi dang hman ang thovin ‘hnawt’ modify nan ‘hnawh’ a hmang ve bawk (p.85).

Pu James Dokhuma pawhin a lehkhabu Mizo Kalphung-ah ‘Chhawng hnawt’ leh ‘chhawng hnawh’ hi a hman pawlh a, ‘hnawh’ hi ‘hnawt’ modify nan a hmang niin a lang (2^nd ed. p.106-107). Mizo historian Pu B. Lalthangliana pawhin Mizo Culture bu-ah ‘chhawng hnawt’ leh ‘chhawng hnawh’ hi hman pawlhin, ‘hnawt’ modify nan ‘hnawh’ a hmang zawk chauhvin a lang (pg. 66, 67).

Chhawng hnawt chungchang

Mizo \awng dik zawk inhnial a awm changa kan râwn hmasak ber \hin chu Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah engtin nge a awm, tih hi a ni. A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai Language (Dulien Dialect) tih hi J. Herbert Lorrain leh Fred. W. Savidge (Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa) te buatsaih niin 1898 khan tihchhuah a ni. Chumi buah chuan, “chhawng hnot” tia dah a ni a, “the name of a feast, (v.) to keep the above feast” tiin a hrilh fiah (p.70). A thumal \obul leh lo chhuah dan (etymology) ni lovin a awmzia (definition) hrilh fiahna chiah kan hmu.

Kum 1980-a tihchhuah Mizo |awng Upa Dictionary, F. Ropianga ziahah chuan ‘Chhawng hnawt (v)’ tiin a tar lang a. “Kût laia kawtchhuaha naupang leh tleirawlho chaw leh artui \hiante barhtu nih \heuh tuma inûm (inhnawt) chhâwnga an tih \hin ruai \heh hming hi a ni,” tiin a hrilh fiah (28). Hetah hian a thumal lo chhuah dan nia lang hmuh tur a awm ve ta thung.

Chhawng hnawh nge chhawng hnawt?

Pu C. Vanlallawma hian ‘chhawng hnawh’ a nih theih dan, rin thu deuhvin a ziak niin a lang a (ref. “tihna a nih hmel a”). A rin dan hi ni tura ngaiin, “hnawh’ hi eng grammar context-ah mah ‘hnawt’ tia modify theih a ni lo” tiin a ziak bawk. Hei hi a dik a, ‘hnawh’ modify nan ‘hnawt’ hi an hmang ngai lo reng a; ‘hnawt’ modify nan ‘hnawh’ kan hmang \hin zawk a ni. Chu chu Mizo history leh culture lam ziak hmasate’n an lo ziah dan pawh a ni. Ngun taka ngaihtuahna kan sen chuan, ‘chhawng hnawh’ leh ‘chhawng hnawt’ hmang kawpte leh ‘chhawng hnawt’ tih chauh hmangte hi \anhmun khatah an \ang a tih theih ang.

(A bik takin) Mizo history/culture chungchang ziaktute hian mi thil hre zawk leh kum upate kawma ziak an ni \hin a. Pu Buanga Dictionary-a kan hmuhte pawh khatih hun laia Mizote \awng thumal a hriatte a lak khawm a ni. Chuvangin, ‘Chhawng hnawt’ tih hi tun hnai thil a ni lo tih chiang takin a hriat theih a, a dik lo ve, an lo tisual a ni, tia sira hnawl ngawt theih a ni lo vang. ‘Chhawng hnawh tih zawk tur’ tia ‘chhawng hnawt’ dik lova ngaihna phei chu kum zabi 20-na chawhnu lama lo chhuak chauh niin a lang.

Hengte avang hian ‘chhawng hnawt’ tibova ‘chhawng hnawh’ tih tak vek mai hi a fel zân lovin a lang a; ‘chhawng hnawt’ etymology hi chiang faka hriat theih ni lo mah se, pi pu chena an lo hman zawk hi ‘hnawt’ nia a lan tlat avangin hnawl mai chi a ni lo vang a, ‘chhawng hnawt’ modification form-a ‘chhawng hnawh’ an hmang te erawh chu a la pawm theih viau zawk ang. Kan thu kharna atana Liandala’n kum 1940-41 vela a phuah “Pi Pu Chhuah Tlang” hla chang thumna han dah ila.

Lengin chhawng an hnawt, chûn hraileng nen,
Sa leh buhchangrum, bawhar tui nen;
Zua tin an hlim vangkhawpui an lâwm,
Tlai ni nêm duai lenkawl thiang karah hian.

Thlalak remchang hman a ni

Zoramin zalenna a sual chhan - a tobul atanga a tawp thleng

Mizote leh an thlahtute (Mizo tih hming put hma) hi tuma awp behna hnuaia awm lovin, mahnia inrelbawlna hran tê tê neiin an khawsa a. Zalen ram an ni a, khaw khat lal chu an chunga thuneitu ber, lal ber, thu tawp siam theitu a ni. Tunah erawh zawng Mizote chu awp behin kan awm ta a, British-in min awp hnuah India-in min awp zui leh ta a. Judate chu Aigupta salah te, Assuria salah te, Babulon salah te an tâng a, “Babulon lui kamah te, chutah kan thu a, a ni, kan tap thin” (Sam137:1) tiin Bible-ah pawh kan hmu nghe nghe. Kum tam tak hnuah tuma hnuai maha awp beha awm tawh lovin, Judaho chu khawvelah an lo ding chhuak leh ta a, kum 1947-ah mahnia ro inrelbawlna neiin ram khat an lo ni ta a ni. Mizote hi thawh vawi khatna a thleng tawh a, engtikah nge mahnia ro inrelbawlna hrang nei turin kan thawh chhuah leh ang le?

Mizo lalte awp beh an ni ngai lo

Mizote hi Mizorama an luh hma atang tawhin lal neiin an khawsa a, chung an lalte chu an chunga thuneitu awm tawh chuang lovin, an awp chhûngah chuan lal ber leh thu ber an ni a, khawvela hnam fing hmasa Rom ho anga lal inkhaidiat ang chi kha Mizote zingah a awm ve lo va, tuma thuhnuaiah mah kûn lovin anmahni kha lal ber an ni tawp mai a ni. Mizo historian R. Zatluanga chuan, “Kan pi leh pute Thantlang leh Lentlanga an awm lai chuan lal chî bik an awm lo va, hnam tin anmahni chî zinga chhungrual leh huaisen deuh apiang an lal…” tiin a ziak a (Mizo Chanchin 62). Lal chhungkua leh lal inthlahchhawng bik awm lovin, a huai huai an lal mai a ni tih a hriat theih a; hetih hun lai hi Mizo historian B. Lalthangliana’n a tarlan danin kum 1400-1450 AD vel kha a ni awm e (Mizo Chanchin 28).

Rûn lui kam vela an chên laiin Mizo chi peng hrang hrangte chu khaw hrang hrangah chêngin lal an nei thliah thliah tawh niin a lang a. Mizoram an luh hnuah pawh lal nei zui zelin, tlang hrang hrangah ro an rel zui zel a. Chutianga an inawp dan chu V.L. Siama’n hetiang hian a tarlang.

“Mizo-ho hi Mizorama an lo luh achin hun rei tak chhung chu an chunga thuneitu tumah awm lovin an awm a, anmahniin sawrkar an insiam a – tunlai tawngin ‘Independent’ an ti. Hetih hun chhung hi kum 200 dawn lai – kum 1700 AD atanga 1889 AD hun chhung inkar a ni.
 

…Lal tam tak an awm a, lal tinte chuan anmahni thu thuin ro an rel a, ram chin bik pawh an nei lo va, an awm duh duhna ram kha an ram a ni mai a, ram pakhat an neih bua deuh chuan, ram tha dangah an insawn a, an ram a ni leh mai a. Lal chu engkima engkim an ni mai a. Lal an that leh khawtlang a nuam a, lal an sual leh khawtlang a nuam lo a ni mai a” (Mizo History 19).

Selêt Thanga pawhin hmanlai Mizo lalte chuan an khaw chhungah thuneihna vawrtawp an neih dan hetiang hian a ziak a,
 

 “Khaw khata lu ber, hotu ber leh thuneitu ber a ni. Mipui vantlangin thu chhia thu tha thlen nan an hmang a, ani’n a lo rel felsak thin. A rorelna hnuaiah mi tin an kûn a, tumahin a thu an hnial ngam ngai lo. A fuh loh zawnga awm chu a khua atangin a hnawtchhuak daih thei, a duh apiang a chawisang thei bawk. A khaw chhunga neinungte neih pawh a duh chuan a chhuh lui mai thei a ni” (Pi Pu Len Lai 3).

 V.L. Siama leh Selêt Thanga te tarlan danah chuan, lalte chu an chunga thuneitu leh chhawng awm lovin, anmahni awp khuaah theuh thuneihna vawrtawp an nei a, an thu chu thu tawp a ni a, a khaw mipuite thil a duh apiang a laksak theih tlat avangin, a khaw chhunga thil hlu leh ro awm zawng zawng chu a tã vek ang hial a ni tiin a sawi theih ang.

Mizote awp behin kan awm ta!

Chutianga, thunei tak leh lal taka Mizo lalte’n ro an rel a, an awpna hnuaia Mizote an awm lai chuan, kum 1856-1859 khan Chhim leh Hmar Indo lo chhuakin, kum 1877-1880 khan Chhak leh Thlang indo a lo chhuak leh bawk (Mizo pi pute leh an thlahte chanchin 122, 135). He indo pahnihah hian inbeihna leh inrunna rapthlak tak tak a awm a, thawnthu lungchhiatthlak tak tak a lo chhuak a ni. Hei hi Mizo Civil War tia sawi theih a ni hial awm e.

Mizo lal Bengkhuaia’n sap naupang Mary Winchester a man avangin kum 1872-ah British ho an lo lang a, Mizo lalte’n an theihtawpin an lo bei let ve a. British ho chu cham hlen lovin Mary Winchester hawnin kir leh mai a. Hei hi ‘Vailen vawi 1-na’ tia hriat a ni. Hemi hnu hian Mizo lalte’n an chhehvel hnam dangte an run fo avangin kum 1889 khan British ho an lo lut leh a, hei hi ‘Vailen vawi 2-na’ tia hriat a ni. Mizo lalte’n ram humhim tumin theihtawpin lo bei let mah se, British ho chuan Mizo lalte chu an awp zui a. Hemi kum 1889 a thlen hma zawng chu V.L. Siama chuan Mizoram chu independent ramah a ngai tihna a ni a; mahnia thuneihna tawp nei lal (Chief)-te kha kum 1889 hnu lamah chuan an chungah thuneitu neiin an awm ta ti ila, a pawmawm hle awm e.

British hovin Mizoram an awp hmaa Mizote khawtlang inawp dan hi hmanlai Greece city-state inawp dan nen a inzul hle. Hmanlai Greece-ah chuan, khaw hrang hrangin mahnia ro inrelin, inrelbawlna hran theuh an nei a, chutiang khaw hrang hrang awm khawmin an ram, Greece chu a siam a ni. Greek city-state chungchang leh inawp dan chu Mark Cartwright chuan, khaw tin hian politics-ah te, dan leh hrai chungchangah te, sakhuana leh vantlang nunah te, thil chin thanah te inrelbawlna hran neiin zalenna an nei theuh va, chung khaw hrang hrang inawpna hran neite chuan Greek state ropui tak a siam thu a tar lang a ni (www.ancient.eu).
 

Chutiang chuan Mizorama British an lo luh hma chuan, lal tinte chuan khua thutin mahniin ro an inrel hrang vek a, politics-ah te, dan lekkawhna lamah te, sakhuana lam leh thil chin than thlengin khaw dangin thuneihna an rawn nei tawh lo va; chutiang khaw hrang hrang awm khawm chu ram khat, Mizote chenna chu a ni.
 

Kum 1889-a British ho Mizorama an rawn luh khan an chàm tlang a. Mizo lalte chu hnehin an awp zel a. Tun hmaa Mizo lalte’n anmahni khua theuhva thuneihna tàwp neia ro an rel ang kha tihtawpin a awm ta a. Mizoram pumpui (Lushai Hills) chu bawrhsap (Superintendent)-in a awp a, Mizo lalte chu Superintendent thuneihna hnuaiah awmin, lalte leh mipuite zawm tur chu Superintendent-in thu a chhuah a. Chutianga Superintendent-in lal leh mipuite zawm tur thupek a chhuahte chu B. Lalthangliana’n point 8 a tarlang a, chungte chu:
 

a)    Lal zawng zawng chu a khuaa leiman khawntu a ni ang.
b)    Lalte chu sawrkar hmunah intawh khawm thin tur a ni.
c)    Lalin michhia a ram tur a ni lo.
d)    Tumah intihnawmnah leh mi bungruate inlaksak loh tur.
e)    Khaw tinin mahni ram chhung kawng sah fai fo tur.
f)    Dawithiama inpuh khap tlat a ni.
g)    Khawhring neia inpuh khap tlat a ni.
h)    Mihur zawn khap tlat a ni (Mizo Chanchin 194-195).

Thuneihna vawrtawp nei thin Mizo lalte chu khaw khat hotu ang lek leh leiman khawntu ang chauh an lo ni ta a. Tin, thubuai rem chungchangah pawh an thuneihna sawr zim a ni ta viau a. British ho lo luh hmaa mihring thih leh dam thlenga thuneihna nei, lalin tul leh tha a tih apiangte thiam chantira thiam loh chantir thei an nihna pawh a tawp a, thubuai rem chungchanga an thuneihna pawh tlemte chauh a ni. V.L. Siama chuan, “Khaw tin thubuai kha lal leh upain an rêl vek a. Mahse, tangka sawmli chawina aia sang leh lung in tànna thu thlengin an rel thei lo va. Hmanlai chuan anmahni chu rorelna sang ber kha an ni thin a, British sawrkar hnuaiah zawng an ni ta lo va,” tiin a ziak a (Mizo History, 59). Khaw tina lal leh upate rorelnaa lungawi lote chuan a aia sang zawk thubuai thlenna tur an la nei zel a ni.
 

Kum 1947-ah British awpna lak ata India ram chuan zalenna (independent) a nei a. Chumi avang chuan British awp ram dang Burma pawhin zalenna neiin, Pakistan pawh ram bung khat a ni ta a. Tun hmaa East Bengal ni thin chuan Pakistan ram zawmin East Pakistan tih a ni a, East Pakistan pawhin kum 1971-a Pakistan atanga zalenna a hmuh khan Bangladesh tih a ni zui ta bawk a. Chutiang a nih lai chuan tun hmaa tuma awp behna hnuaiah mah la awm lo, British-in kum 58 zet a awp tawh Lushai Hills, a hnua Assam hnuai Mizo District tih zui tak leh tuna Mizoram lo ni ta pawh chu India Union lamah a bet zui ta zel a.
 

Prof. J.V. Hluna’n a seminar paper ‘India Union hnuaia Mizoram kan luh dan’ tih a ziahah chuan hetiang hian Mizoram dinhmun a ziak a:
 

“India Constitution a pumpui a pawm (adopt) ni chu October 26, 1949 a ni a, District Council ruangam tur an tih fel ni pawh ni ngeia ngaih a ni. District Advisory Committee chu November 5, 1951-ah thiah a ni thung a. Sixth Schedule hnuaia District Council inthlan chu April 4, 1952-ah kan nei a. Assam Assembly-a kan aiawh, MLA 3 thlan chu January 5, 1952-ah kan nei bawk a. Kan District Council chu Assam Chief Minister, Bishnu Ram Medhi-a’n April 25, 1952-ah a rawn hawng a...
 

Mizo Union thupui ber kha Lal ban a nih avangin District Council-ah sorkarna an chang ta bawk a, an hna hmasa berah Lal ban Assam sorkar-ah an nawr a, Lushai Hills (Acquisition of Chief’s rights) Act 1954 Assam Sorkar-in a passed a. August 16, 1954-ah Mizo District Council huam chhunga Lal 259 ban an ni a. April 15, 1956-ah P.L.Region huam chhunga Lal 50 ban an ni ta bawk a. Village Council thlan hmasak ber July 24, 1954-ah neih a ni a. Mizo Union-in Village Council leh District Council rorelna an la fai vek a. Lal banin India hnuaia rorelna  nghet takin kan tel ta a ni.” (26.2.2013 @Aijal Club).

 C. Hermana chuan Mizo Union-in lal ban policy an kalpui dan ziakin, “…lalte chu ram phurrit ber angin an sawi a, mipuite vote hmuh nan hnatlang, lal buhchhun, sachhiah leh kuli-a inchhawr thinna te leh Zalen leh Ramhualin lo duh an thlan thinna zawng zawngte tihbosak vek an tiam a,” a ti a (Zoram Politics Thli Tleh Dan Vol-1 29). Hei bakah lal demna hla tam tak an phuah bawk. Chutianga lal bàn an nih takah chuan, Mizoram chu India Union hnuaiah awmin, mipui rorelna ram (democracy) kan lo ni ta a. Tuma hnuaia la awm ngai lo kha 1899 atanga British awpna hnuaiah awmin, anni an chhuah hnuah India ram chhunga kan tel zui ta zel a. Kum tam tak chhung ram zalen (independent) kan nihna chu a tawp ta a ni. 

Zoramin zalenna a sual ta

Kum 1966-a Zoramin zalenna a sual khan chhan tam tak a nei thei ang a, a chhan bulpui ber chu zalenna (independent) duh vang a ni a, chu lo pawh chu chhan dang dang a la awm thei ang. Scholar pakhat Malsawmliana chuan zalenna puan chhan te chu, tun hma atang tawhin Mizote chu Indian-a an inngaih theih loh vang te, political party hruaitu tam takin India emaw, Burma emaw zawm an sawi mawi vang te, ram hmasawnna kawngah sorkarin Mizote leh an chenna an ngaihthah vang te, MNF-in zalenna lam hawi policy an neih vang tein Mizo thinlungah ram leh hnam hmangaihna (nationalism & patriotism) intuhin chu chuan mahnia inrel bawl duhna a hring niin a tar lang. (Mizo Narratives 263). Mizote kha eng vanga zalenna duh chiah nge an nih, MNF khan eng vanga zalenna sual nge an nih tih chu han sawi zau zui ila.

        (i) Indian-ah kan inngai lo va, awp beh niin kan inhria:

Kum 1947-a India-in British lak ata zalenna a hmuh khan, Mizo tam tak chuan Mizoram hma lam hun tur an thlir a. A thenin Burma ram zawm an duh a, a thenin India ram zawma Hill state neih an sawi mawi a, mahnia inrelbawlna neiha zalenna famkim neih duh tam tak an awm bawk. Scholar pakhat Malsawmliana chuan, Mizote zinga zalenna duhtute chuan February ni 21, 1947-ah Aizawl Theatre Hall-ah vantlang inkhawm an ko va. An meeting hi Sainghinga, Assistant Superintendent-in a kaihruai a, Pachhunga, PS Dahrawk leh Hmartawnphunga te'n an puibawm bawk a, mi 200 vel an kalkhawm a ni. He inkhawmah hian tam tak chuan an ngaihtuahna leh suangtuahna leh duh dan te an sawi chhuak a, zawhna leh chhanna hun neih a ni bawk. Kalkhawmte hian ban pharin Mizote hi keimahniin kan inenkawl thei a, keimahniin kan ding thei' tiin resolution an pass a ni, tih thu a tar lang. (Mizo Narratives 259).

Kum 1947 June thla velah chuan R. Vanlawma leh a pawlte chuan zalenna beihpui (independent campaign) neiin Mizoram khaw hrang hrang an lo fang tawh a. A lehkhabu 'Ka Ram leh Kei'-ah chuan independent campaign neia an zin chhuah dan hetiang hian a ziak a,

“India hnuaiah awm tur ni mah ila, independence chu a theih ang tawk chuan beih zel kan tum a. Mizo Union Council chuan thuang li laiin volunteer-ho zin chhuahtir zai kan rel ta a. Aizawl atanga chhim lam, chhim chhak, hmar chhak leh thlang lamah mi a tir a. Pu Vankhama leh Pu Lalrinliana te chu Sialsuk lamah sawn an zin phei a, an zin chanchin pawh a ngaihnawm hle. Tlangval Vanlalliana (Pu Pachhunga fapa) te leh Pu Challeta teho Champhai lamah, Pu Ngura teho hmar chhakah, Pu Thangridema leh Pu Thantuma Baktawng lamah…” tiin (189).

Mizo zingah pawh a fingvar hmasa deuh leh, a vengva deuhte chuan hetih lai hian zalenna kan neih theih nan theihtawp an lo chhuahin, mipuite lakah pawh campaign an lo nei nasa tawh hle a ni tih a hriat a. An thiam ang ang leh an theih ang angin, an remhriatna ang angin hma an lo la thin a ni.

Hemi hma pawh hian Kaphleia chuan ram hmangaihna leh zalenna (nationalism & patriotism) lam hawi a lo phuah tawh a, kum 1939-a a hla phuah 'Zoram ka ram' chang khatnaah chuan Mizo thlahtute chu Mizoram tana nunna an hlan thu sawiin, chang thumnaah ‘mi hnuaia kan kun phal suh la’ (do not allow us to be dominated) tiin ‘kan tih leh kan sawi apiang te/Pathian leh kan ram tan ni se’ tiin a chhunzawm a. Chang lina tlar tawp berah 'Aw chung Pathian/Mahnia ding turin' tiin 'Kan rilru leh kan chakna te/Pathian leh kan ram tan ni se' a ti zui a ni.

Kaphleia

B. Lalthangliana chuan hemi chungchang hi sawiin, "Nationalism' chungchang Kaphleia hian a chai hma hle a. Mizo politician-te'n independence an sawi rik viai viai hma kum riatah leh, tharum thawh meuha thenkhatin an nawr hma kum sawmhnih pariat laiah khan a lo mangphan tawh a. “Mi hnuaia kun” phal lovin, “Mahnia din” Pathian hnenah a dil tawh bawk. Kan tih, kan sawi, kan rilru leh kan chakna te ‘Pathian leh kan ram tan’ tiin a au chhuak a. “Nationalist” dik tak leh hmasa ber pawl a ni ngei mai," tiin a lehkhabu 'Kaphleia leh C. Thuamluaia Hnuhma'-ah a tar lang a ni (27). Kaphleia hla atang ringawt pawh hian Mizo politician-te leh vantlang chung lam mi pawimawhte'n Zoram zalenna an lo sawi ve hmain mipui thinlungah zalenna a intuh tawh a, awp beh nia inhriatna a lo awm tawh tih a chiang hle.

Heti taka Mizote zalenna duha an lo tuihal hi, a chhan pakhatah chuan thlahtute atanga tuma awp beh lohva kum tam tak an lo khawsak vang a tih loh theih loh. Khaw hrang hrang kha lal (Chief) awpna hnuaiah an awm a. Lal chu an lalna khuaah chuan thuneihna tawp neitu a ni a, an chunga roreltu an awm tawh lo. Sailo lalte phei chu ‘ni leh thla kara leng’ tia sawi an ni hial thin a ni. Chutianga awm reng chu, British leh India-in a han awp thut takah khan, chep ngawih ngawiha inhriatna leh zalen lo hlea inhriatna an nei zui niin a lang.

          (ii) Mautam-a ngaihthah kan nih avangin mipuiah lungawi lohna a tuh

 Kum 1947-a Mizote'n zalenna an aupui atanga a kum 10-naah chuan Mizote chuan Mautam tampui kan hmachhawn ta a. He mautam tam a lo thlen hian Mizote chuan anmahni awptu India emaw, Assam sorkar emaw atangin ngaihsakna an dawng lo va, chu chuan hun rei tak ata Mizote thinlunga zalen duhna chu a chhem alh sauh sauh a ni. Mizo ziaktu tam tak chuan Zoram zalenna suala a bultumtu, MNF chu tam do pawl pakhat Mizo National Famine Front atanga lo piang niin an tar lang reng a ni. Mautam vawi thumna, 1959-a a lo thlen lai hian Mizoram hi Assam state hnuaia district pakhatah awmin, Mizo District tih a ni a, Mizo political party hmasa ber Mizo Union-in rorelna fawng an vawn lai a ni.

Mizote tuna kan chenna hmun, Mizoram an luh hnua Mautam hmasa ber hi kum 1861-ah a thleng a. B. Lalthangliana'n a sawi danin, balhla kung leh thingzung te an ei a, chumi avang chuan hri tha lo lengin mi tam takin an thih phah a ni (Mizo Chanchin 137). Mautam vawi hnihna hi kum 1911-ah a lo thleng leh a, hetih lai hi British hovin Mizoram an awp lai a ni a; Bawrhsap pawh Maj. H.W.G Cole a ni; anni'n hma an lak avangin a hma ang emin mipui tawrhna a thlen lo.

Kum 50 danah Mautam a thleng thin tih hriain Mautam vawi thumna thlen dawnah Mizo mipuite chu theih ang anga lo inhmakhuain, July ni 21, 1951 khan Tam Do Pawl (Anti-Famine Campaign Organization) din a ni a, he pawl hi Lalmawia'n kaihruaiin General Secretary chu C. Rokhuma a ni. An theih ang tawkin, kawng hrang hrangin ke an pen a; kum 1957-ah phei chuan he pawl hian mipuite hnenah mautam lo thlen leh tur te sawiin sazu a puan tur thu te an sawi a, pamphlet te siamin mautam hmachhawn dan tur mi thiamte ziak te an sem a ni, tiin C. Laizawna chuan a lehkhabu 'C. Rokhuma' tihah a ziak a ni (C. Rokhuma 21).

C. Rokhuma

Tichuan, kum 1958-ah Mautam vawi thumna chu a lo thleng ta a, a kum leh 1959 thlengin a tam zui zel a. Nimahsela, Assam sorkar chuan a ngaihsak lo va, hetih laia Mizo District-a roreltu Mizo Union leh Eastern India Tribal Union (EITU) hruaitute chuan Assam Chief Minister BP Chaliha hmuin, Mizoram mamawh te an thlen nghe nghe a. Heti chung pawha an chet duh loh avangin Pu R. Vanlawma hovin Mizo National Famine Front chu din a ni ta a, anni hmalaknain Tam Kawngzawh te, Tam Khawmpui Lian te huaihawt a ni a, nimahsela, chuti chung chuan Mizoram chhim lam leh thlang lamah mipui eng emaw zatin nunna an chan tih R. Zamawia'n a ziak a ni (Zofate Zinkawngah 163).

R. Vanlawma

Mautam a zawh hnu kum 1961 khan he pawl Mizo National Famine Front chu a zui chho zui mai a. October ni 22, 1961 a nih chuan he pawla hruaitu pariat chu Pu Laldenga in, Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawlah kalkhawmin political party Mizo National Front (MNF) an din ta a, Pu Laldenga chu President niin Pu R. Vanlawma chu Secretary a ni. Mizo Union hruaitu K.L. Chhuanvawra chuan a lehkhabu 'Mizo Union Kha'-ah chuan Mizo National Famine Front chu political party-a a inleh tak chungchang chu, “...mautam tam denchhena mipui rilru lak tuma lo bei ve mek Mizo National Famine Front pawl khan an pawl chu political party-a leh tumin tan an la a…” tiin a ziak a ni (80).

Chu vang chu ni maw, A.P. Sinha chuan, “Mizote hi India Union zawm thu sawi hmasa berte zinga mi an ni a, kum 1960 chho vela Mizote'n tam an hmachhawn khan sorkarin a ngaihsak loh avangin mipuite an hel ta ni," tiin a ti a (Insurgency in North-East India 146). Zoramin zalenna a sual chu mautam-a Mizo mipuite’n ngaihsak an hlawh tawk loh vang ni-ah a puh hmiah ta reng a ni
 

          (iii) Ram hnufual vang leh hmasawnna a thlen chhiat vang
Zoramin zalenna a sual chhan pawimawh tak pakhat chu sorkar atanga hmasawnna (development) a chhiat vang a ni a tih theih ang. Kum 1952 khan Mizoramah District Council inthlan hmasa ber awm a, kum 1954 khan Mizo Hills tih a ni a; Assam state hnuaia district pakhat ve mai a ni. Hemi kum hian Mizo lalte chu ban an ni ta a, Lusei lal 259 leh Pawi lal 50 ban an ni a; Village Council inthlanna neih a ni. Politics-a inrelbawlna a inthlak thleng chhoh lai hian hmasawnna lamah Mizoram a la hnufum hle a.

B.G. Verghese chuan, “Lushai Hills-a thuneihna inthlak kual vel lai hian politics thilah ngaihthah leh dah hran nia inhriatna nei lem lo, mahse, ei leh bar kawngah erawh an hnufual thlawt a ni," tiin a ziak a (India’s Northeast Resurgent 139), B.B. Kumar pawhin, “India hmarchhaka Tribal state-ahte chuan hmasawnna sum (development fund) chu Central sorkar atangin a thleng tha tawk lo va. Chumi chuan ram chhungah harsatna tam tak thlenin mipuite'n ram nuam leh tha zawk an suangtuah phah a, helna a thlen phah a ni," tiin a ziak bawk (Insurgency in North-East India 164).

Mipuite’n hmasawnna an hmuh tur ang an hmuh phak loh te, an nih tur ang an nih theih lohte hian lungawi lohna a awm thin a. Mizo mipuite pawh hian Assam sawrkar atangin emaw, India sawrkar atangin emaw anmahni leh Mizoram hmasawnna tur an hmu tlem em em a, chu chuan dinhmun tha zawk duhna piantirin, mahnia inrelbawl duhna a thlen thei tih a chiang em em a ni.

           (iv) Naga Movement-in Mizote thinlung a chawk tho

India ram hmarchhak state-ah chuan Naga movement hi a lar ber leh pawimawh ber te zing ami a ni a, ziaktu leh zirbingtu tam takin he movement chungchang hi an ziakin an zirbing a ni. British-in India an chhuahsan hnuah, kum 1950 khan Angami Zapu Phizo kaihhruai Naga National Council (NCC) chu a lo larin a lo thang chak ta hle a, an thil tum (policy) bulpui ber chu Indian Union atanga tal chhuah a nih vang a ni ber. An thil tum berah hlawhtling lo mah se, an thenawm state Manipur leh Mizoram-ah nasa takin nghawng a nei a ni. MNF hruaitu R. Zamawia'n a tar lan danin, Mizo National Front (MNF)-in zalenna a puan dawn lai vel hian hruaitu thenkhat chu Naga zalenna sualtute thurawn lain an kal nghe nghe (Zofate Zinkawngah 250). Heta tanga chiang taka tar lan theih chu, Naga independent movement khan kum 1966-ah Zoram zalenna sual (Mizo independence movement)-ah pawimawhna lian tak a nei tih hi a ni.

AZ Phizo

Naga National Council President A.Z. Phizo chu kum 1947 April thla khan Aizawlah a kal a. Hetih lai hi Advisory Sub-Committee-in Aizawl an tlawh lai a ni a, Sub-Committee te thil tih dan en thlithlai tura lo zin a ni. “Phizo-a hian Mizote leh Naga-te hi tangho atan a duhzia a sawi a. Naga ramah chuan tawng hrang chi tam tak awm khawm an ni a, inzawm khawm ila chuan Mizo tawng pawh sawrkar tawngah hman theih hun a awm mai theia a beisei thu te pawh a sawi a,” tiin R. Vanlawma chuan a ziak nghe nghe a ni (Ka Ram Leh Kei 184). Ram leh hnam thila Naga movement hotupa AZ Phizo-a’n Aizawl a tlawh hnu lawkah, August ni 14, 1947-ah Naga independence day chu puangin tharum hmanga Naga zalenna sual bul a intan a ni. Chutianga Naga movement a lo awm tak atanga kum 15 hnu velah chuan MNF hruaitute’n Naga movement hotute advice an la mai reng a. Kum 1947 April thlaa AZ Phizo Aizawl lo zin khan hun eng emaw chen ral hnuah MNF hotute thinlung a la thui hlein a lang.

Naga hel hruaitute hmua kalte zinga mi R. Zamawia chuan, “Nagaho an hel avang khan sawrkarin a ngaihsak phah a, an dinhmun pawh a ngaihven a. Hmasawnna hna thawh kawngah pawh an duhsak bik nia hriatna kan nei,” tiin a sawi a (Interview on 22.5.2018). Naga movement-in an rama hmasawnna leh duhsak bikna a thlen nia an hriatna chuan, chutiang dinhmuna din beiseina avangin zalenna sual duhna a thlen ve niin a sawi theih. R. Zamawia vek hian, Mizote leh Nagaho chu Shillong-ah leh hmun hrang hrangah lehkha inzir pawlha an awm nasat avangin, Naga independence movement-in chung Mizo zirlaite-ah nasa takin nationalism thinlung a tuh thu a sawi bawk a; hei vang hian Naga movement hian Mizote thinlungah nasa takin hna a thawk a ni tih a chiang hle.

Hengte hi a pawimawh zual leh langsar zual a ni mai a, Zoram zalenna sual chhan leh vang dang ziah tel tur a la awm nual ang a, heti chinah rek bung rih mai ila a tha awm e.

Pu Laldenga leh a nupui Pi Biakdiki

Zoram zalenna sual kal chhoh zui zel dan

Kum 1962 April ni 2-3-a MNF khawmpui hmasa berah chuan MNF thil tum pathum ziah chhuah a ni a, chung zinga a hmasa ber chu 'Mizoramin zalenna sang ber neih a, Mizo hnahthlakte rorelna pakhat hnuaia awm' tih hi a ni. R. Zamawia chuan, hemi hmaa MNF thil tum ber chu ‘Mizote leh Mizoram zalenna' a nih thu a ziak bawk (Zofate Zinkawngah 177). Hetianga resolution pawimawh tak an pass hnuah zalenna neih a nih theih nan an theihtawp an chhuah zui a, chu chuan mipuite thinlungah nasa takin hna a thawk a, hla phuahtu thenkhat pawhin hlain an phuah zui bawk a. Kum 1964-a Laltanpuia, Sialsuk khaw mi hla phuah pakhat chu 'Kan ram hi kan ram a ni' tih hi a ni a, Rokunga pawhin thalaite titho thei tak 'Harh la Harh la' tih a phuah zui bawk. Heng hla pahnih ringawt pawh hi thalaite chawk phurtu pawimawh tak a tling.

Laltanpuia, Sialsuk

Nationalism boruak tinunga chhem alh turin hla (poetry) hi a lo tangkai nangiang reng a. M.K. Naik chuan Indian English poetry chu period li-ah a then a, chungte chu:

1.    Indian poetry from beginnings to 1857,
2.    Indian poetry from 1857-1920,
3.    Indian poetry from 1920 to 1947 and
4.    Indian poetry from Independence and after (History of Indian English Literature, 7-114)

He period then hrang hrangah hian Second period-a poet langsar, Sri Aurobindo Ghosh te, Rabindranath Tagore leh Sarojini Naidu te hian nationalism lam hawi an tarlang nasa hle a, chu chuan a hun lai mipuite thinlung a hneh a, mipui thinlungah ram hmangaihna a tuh nasa hle niin a lang. Heng Indian poet-te’n an hla hmanga ram hmangaihna an puan chhuah dan chu entirna atan pakhat han tarlang ila. Kum 1908-1909-a jail a tan laia Aurobindo Ghosh-in poetry pakhat 'Invitation' a phuahah chuan, India ram thalaite chu zalenna nei let leh tur leh an ram hmangaih thar leh turin a fuih a, a chang tawp berah phei chuan heti hian chona leh sawmna a tarlang:

I am the lord of tempest and mountain,
I am the spirit of freedom and pride.
Stark must he be and kinsman to danger
Who shares my kingdom and walks at my side. (13-16) tiin.

          (i) Tharum tel lovin zalenna an sual
Tichuan, Laltanpuia leh Rokunga hlate chuan Mizo nationalism chu Mizo thalaite-ah a ti-alh nasa hle a. The Mizo National Volunteer (MNV) chu October ni 22, 1963-ah din a ni zui a. Hemi hma lawk September thla atangin Pakistan sorkar hotute biak hna hi an lo tan tawh nghe nghe. Kum 1963 December thlaah chuan MNF party hotu pahnih - Laldenga leh Lalnunmawia chu man an ni. Kum 1964 December thlaah MNF volunteers 22 zet chu Pakistan-ah indo dan leh insual dan zir (training)-in kal zui a. Kum 1964 April chawhnu lamah Laldenga India Home Minister G.L. Nanda hmuin thil tam tak an sawipui a. Kum 1965 September thla tawp lamah Mizoram Sorkar Ruangam (Provisional Government of Mizoram) tur din a ni zui a. Hemi kum vek October ni 30-ah India ram Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri hnenah Memorandum thehluh a ni a. Kum 1966 January ni 19-a Aizawla India Planning Commission Member Tarlok Singh lo zin chu MNF hotute chuan lo hmuin an lo titipui leh a. February ni 2, 1966-a Mizoram tlawha lo zin, Assam Governor Vishnu Sahay pawh an lo hmu leh bawk. Hemi hnu lawk February ni 7, 1966-ah Patashkar Commission hotupa H.V. Patashkar Aizawl lo zin chu an lo hmu leh bawk a ni.

Zoram zalenna sual chungchang zirbingtu pakhat Lalthakima chuan Zoramin zalenna a sual hnua Assam sorkar chet zui a ziak a, March ni 2, 1966-ah Assam sorkar chuan Mizo District chu The Assam Disturbed Areas Act, 1955 behchhanin rambuai (disturb area)-ah a puang nghal a, hemi kenkawh a nih theih nan Mizo District chu sipai kutah thuneihna pumhlum pein Armed Forces Special Powers Act, 1958-ah a dah zui a ni (Mizoram Independence Puan 62).

               (ii) Khaw sawikhawm a ni
March ni 4-5, 1966 khan Aizawl hmun veng eng emaw zatah India sorkar chuan Jet Fighter hmangin bomb an rawn thlak a, Mizoram hmun dang pawh indo thlawhna hmangin an bei zui zel a ni. Kan thenawma Naga movement-ah jet fighter hman a ni lo va, India rama zalenna sualna/helna awma jet fighter hmanna hmasa ber leh awm chhun niin a lang. Kum 1967 January ni 4 atangin khawkhawm tan a ni a, he khawkhawm hi a hmingah Protected and Progressive Village (PPV) tih a ni. PPV-ah hian Mizoram khaw 106 zet chu khaw 19-ah sawikhawm a ni a. Khawkhawm chi dang leh, New Grouping Centre (NGC) chu kum 1967-1969 chhung khan kalpui lehin, khaw 184 zet chu khaw 39-ah sawikhawm a ni. Kum 1968-1970 chhung khan khawkhawm chi dang leh, Voluntary Grouping Centre (VGC) chu kalpui ni bawkin, khaw 110 zet chu khaw 26-ah sawikhawm a ni a, kum 1968-1970 chhunga an khawkhawm kalpui Extended Loop Areas (ELA)-ah chuan khaw 17 chu sawikhawm a ni bawk. Heng khawkhawmah te hian khaw 516 zet nghawngin mipui 1,68,853 zetin harsatna an tawh phah a; khaw 611 zet chu hâlin in 29,346 zet a kang ral a ni. Kum 1961-a Mizoram mipui zat hi 2,66,063 a ni a; khawkhawm hi Mizoram mipui hmun thuma thena hmun hnih zetin an tuar tihna a ni a, a rapthlak hle. Mizo hla phuah thiam Suakliana, Lianpui khua phei chuan kum 1968 khan khaw sawikhawm hla phuahin 'Kan hun tawn zingah khawkhawm a pawi ber mai' a ti hial a ni.

 

               (iii) Zoram pawnah zalenna sualtute

India sipaite Mizorama an rawn luh phat atangin operation (beihpui thlakna) lian tak pahnih Khuihpui leh Khuihsin chu 1967 khan an nei nghal a, hei hian khawsak phung a tibuai nasa hle. Hei vang hian kum 1968-1969 inkar khan zalenna sualtute chu East Pakistan (tuna Bangladesh ni ta)-ah an inkhuar zui a, Chhipphir leh a chhehvelah an inkulh a ni. Kum 1970 kum tir lamah Sajek ramngawah inkhuar lehin an chenna hmun chu Chhantlang tih hming an vuah a. Hetih lai, February ni 9, 1971-ah MNF inthlanna neih niin Pu Laldenga chu President atana thlan a ni. Hemi hnu hian anmahni leh anmahni inkarah inhriatthiam lohna awm zuiin, May ni 13, 1971-ah zalenna sualtute zingah inman khawmna runpui a thleng a, he huna man zinga tel ve R. Zamawia chuan, civil mi 47 leh sipai 32, an vaiin mi 81 zet chu man an nih thu leh, an zinga tâng rei ber chu hemi December 16 thleng tantir a nih thu a ziak (Zofate Zinkawngah 787, 789, 792).

Heng thil a thlen hnuah an belh ber East Pakistan sorkar laka Bangladesh-in zalenna a sual avang leh March ni 15, 1971-ah East Pakistan sorkar a tlawm tak avangin Zoram zalenna sualtute dinhmun chu a him ta lo hle a, kum 1972 atangin Burma ramri dep lamah an insuan a. Pu R. Ropianga'n a ziah danin, January ni 2, 1972-a National Emergency Committee (NEC)-in a rel angin Arakan lam panin an insuan a, hetah hian Burma Communist Party-in an lo tuamhlawm a ni (Zoram khua a la var ang 189). He hmuna an khawsak lai hian tum hnih zet chu kein China an kal a, an kal hmasak zawk hian December ni 29, 1973-ah China rapin hemi tum hian ralthuam hman dan inzirtirin sipai training te an pe a ni. A tum hnihna hi July ni 28, 1975-ah kal lehin training an nei leh a, January ni 1, 1976-ah China an chhuahsan leh a ni (Mizoram Independence Puan 289).

Kum 1975 kum tir lam a lo nih chuan, Burma Communist Party chuan Zoram zalenna sualtute a enkawl zui zel theih tak loh avangin Bangladesh lamah an let leh a, Chittagong Hill Tracts-ah ralmuang takin an khawsa thei ta a. March ni 24, 1976-ah Calcutta Convension koh niin, MNF election neihah Pu Laldenga chu President atan thlan nawn leh a ni a. Hemi hnu hian an inkarah inhriatthiam lohna a thleng zui a, hruaitu inthlak leh inman tawnna a thleng leh a ni.

              (iv) Inremna Thuthlung avangin zalenna sualtute an lo haw 

Kum 1971 atangin India sorkar nena inbiakna an nei tan a. Kohhran hruaitu leh zirlai hruaitute'n nasa taka an nawrna avangin kum 1986 June 30-ah Indian sorkar leh MNF hruaitute chuan inremna thuthlung (Memorandum of Understanding) chu New Delhi-ah an sign a. India sorkar aiawhin R.D Pradhan, Home Secretary; MNF aiawhin President Pu Laldenga leh Mizoram UT sorkar aiawhin Pu Lalkhama, Chief Secretary te'n lehkhaah hming an ziak a ni.
 

 Inremna thuthlung ziah a nih hnu hian, Pu C. Herman tarlan danin, MNF sipaite leh an nupui fanau mi 550 zet chu ramhnuai atangin an lo haw a (Zoram Politics thli tleh dan Vol. II 98). Hei hi Pu R. Zamawia erawh chuan, “An zavaiin mi 575 (zanga, sawmsarih leh panga) nia hriat an ni a. He’ng zingah hian ramhnuaia chhuak ve chiah lem lo, tualchhung lama thawkte pawh an telin a lang. Mahse, kum 2001-a Mizoram Legislative Assembly inkhawma Member pakhat zawhna, Home Minister chhànnaah erawh chuan mi 581 (zanga, sawmriat leh pakhat) nia sawi a ni,” tiin a ziak thung (Zofate Zinkawngah 938).

He inremna thuthlung avang hian MNF chuan silai 200 leh hmanraw dangte chu CRPF kutah an hlan a, indo chhunga an thian boral tate ruhro 39 zet chu an hawn nghal a ni. August ni 2, 1986 khan an zavaiin Aizawl lo thlengin Mizo Zirlai Pawl (MZP) huaihawtin a lawmna hi Dawrpuiah hman a ni a, mipui thahnem takin zalenna sualtu lo hawte hi an lo lawm a ni. He inremna avang hian Mizoram chu India ram state 23-naah hlan kai a ni zui a, zalenna suala silai lekna chu Mizoramah a lo tawp ta a ni.